INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE
Original Article
Jun 29, 2026 108 50

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Post-Caesarean Surgical Site Infections at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Cyril Ifeanyichukwu Ezugwu 1,
Ikechukwu Abel Ugwuoke 2,
Emmanuel Cherechi Egwuatu 3 * ,
Kirean Kelechi Eze 4,
Sophia Onyinyechi Egwuatu 5
1 Deputy Director Emergency Department, Ahad Al-Masaraha General Hospital, Jizan Region Kingdom of Saudi Arabia2 Senior Medical officer, Emergency Room, Khobash General Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia3 Clinical Lead, Infection Prevention Specialist Elizabeth Residence Assisted Living Community, Bayside, WI, USA4 Senior Medical Officer, Emergency Department, Turaif General Hospital Turaif, Northern Border, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia5 Senior Scientific Officer, Scientific and Research Department, David Umahi University Teaching Hospital, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria* Corresponding Author
International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 1(2), 2026, jebm007, https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18875
Publication date: Jun 29, 2026
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ABSTRACT

Post-caesarean surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a major cause of maternal morbidity, particularly in low-resource settings, and are increasingly complicated by antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and prevalence of multidrug resistance among bacterial isolates from post-caesarean SSIs at University College Hospital, Ibadan. A retrospective analysis of 66 laboratory records was conducted, out of which 52 records met the inclusion criteria. Bacterial isolates were identified using appropriate culture plates, and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were analysed using standard disk diffusion (Kirby–Bauer) method. A total of 75 isolates were identified, with Gram-negative organisms (68%) predominating over Gram-positive organisms (32%). The most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics such as amoxicillin, erythromycin, and azithromycin, while better susceptibility was observed with gentamicin, levofloxacin, and vancomycin among Gram-positive isolates. Notably, vancomycin showed 100% susceptibility. Multidrug resistance was highly prevalent, with 74.7% of isolates classified as MDR, indicating resistance to at least one agent in three different antibiotic classes. This high burden of MDR highlights a significant therapeutic challenge and underscores the role of antibiotic misuse and hospital-acquired infections in driving resistance. The findings of this study emphasize the need for routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing, strengthened infection prevention and control measures, and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs. Continuous surveillance and policy interventions are essential to mitigate the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and improve clinical outcomes in post-caesarean SSIs.

KEYWORDS

Surgical Site Infection Caesarean Section Antimicrobial Resistance Multidrug Resistance Antibiotics

CITATION (Vancouver)

Ezugwu CI, Ugwuoke IA, Egwuatu EC, Eze KK, Egwuatu SO. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Post-Caesarean Surgical Site Infections at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine. 2026;1(2):jebm007. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18875
APA
Ezugwu, C. I., Ugwuoke, I. A., Egwuatu, E. C., Eze, K. K., & Egwuatu, S. O. (2026). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Post-Caesarean Surgical Site Infections at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 1(2), jebm007. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18875
Harvard
Ezugwu, C. I., Ugwuoke, I. A., Egwuatu, E. C., Eze, K. K., and Egwuatu, S. O. (2026). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Post-Caesarean Surgical Site Infections at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 1(2), jebm007. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18875
AMA
Ezugwu CI, Ugwuoke IA, Egwuatu EC, Eze KK, Egwuatu SO. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Post-Caesarean Surgical Site Infections at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine. 2026;1(2), jebm007. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18875
Chicago
Ezugwu, Cyril Ifeanyichukwu, Ikechukwu Abel Ugwuoke, Emmanuel Cherechi Egwuatu, Kirean Kelechi Eze, and Sophia Onyinyechi Egwuatu. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Post-Caesarean Surgical Site Infections at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital". International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 2026 1 no. 2 (2026): jebm007. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18875
MLA
Ezugwu, Cyril Ifeanyichukwu et al. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Post-Caesarean Surgical Site Infections at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital". International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, vol. 1, no. 2, 2026, jebm007. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18875

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