INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE
Original Article
Jul 03, 2026 100 66

Endoscopic Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children: A Comparative Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive and Open Surgical Methods

Azamat Shamsiev 1 2,
Adil Aslam 3,
Manabu Okawada 4,
Jamshid Shamsiev 1 2 * ,
Tutku Soyer 5,
Amine Ksia 6,
Zafar Makhmudov 1 2
1 Specialized Pediatric Surgical Clinic of Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan2 Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan3 Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, England4 Sunrise Japan Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia5 Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey6 University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia* Corresponding Author
International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 1(2), 2026, jebm009, https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18910
Publication date: Jul 03, 2026
Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most prevalent conditions in pediatric urology, occurring in approximately 1–2% of children; among those presenting with urinary tract infections, VUR is detected in 25–40% of cases. The incidence shows no declining trend and increases annually in line with global population growth.
Methods: This retrospective-prospective, single-center, comparative cohort study enrolled 110 children aged 8 months to 18 years with VUR grades II–IV treated at the Specialized Pediatric Surgical Clinic of Samarkand State Medical University (1989–2022). Patients were allocated to two non-concurrent treatment groups based on the era of admission: the control group (CG, n=32; 1989–2011) underwent open antireflux surgery, and the study group (SG, n=78; 2012–2022) underwent endoscopic correction of VUR (ECVUR). Patients with grades I and V VUR were excluded.
Results: In the SG, the proportion of good outcomes was 78.2%, exceeding that of the CG (65.6%). Unsatisfactory results were 2.9-fold lower (6.4% vs. 18.8%). Hospitalization was significantly reduced from 16.7±3.3 to 5.2±1.2 bed-days (p<0.001). The economic efficiency coefficient improved 3.2-fold. Overall ECVUR efficacy was 93.6% versus 81.2% for open surgery.
Conclusion: Minimally invasive endourological methods demonstrate superior efficacy and safety compared with open antireflux surgery for the treatment of VUR in children.

KEYWORDS

Vesicoureteral Reflux Endoscopic Correction Children STING HIT Pediatric Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Open Antireflux Surgery

CITATION (Vancouver)

Shamsiev A, Aslam A, Okawada M, Shamsiev J, Soyer T, Ksia A, et al. Endoscopic Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children: A Comparative Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive and Open Surgical Methods. International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine. 2026;1(2):jebm009. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18910
APA
Shamsiev, A., Aslam, A., Okawada, M., Shamsiev, J., Soyer, T., Ksia, A., & Makhmudov, Z. (2026). Endoscopic Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children: A Comparative Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive and Open Surgical Methods. International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 1(2), jebm009. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18910
Harvard
Shamsiev, A., Aslam, A., Okawada, M., Shamsiev, J., Soyer, T., Ksia, A., and Makhmudov, Z. (2026). Endoscopic Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children: A Comparative Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive and Open Surgical Methods. International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 1(2), jebm009. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18910
AMA
Shamsiev A, Aslam A, Okawada M, et al. Endoscopic Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children: A Comparative Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive and Open Surgical Methods. International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine. 2026;1(2), jebm009. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18910
Chicago
Shamsiev, Azamat, Adil Aslam, Manabu Okawada, Jamshid Shamsiev, Tutku Soyer, Amine Ksia, and Zafar Makhmudov. "Endoscopic Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children: A Comparative Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive and Open Surgical Methods". International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 2026 1 no. 2 (2026): jebm009. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18910
MLA
Shamsiev, Azamat et al. "Endoscopic Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children: A Comparative Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive and Open Surgical Methods". International Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, vol. 1, no. 2, 2026, jebm009. https://doi.org/10.63946/jebm/18910

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